Microcontroller
Based Solar Tracking System and GSM
(SMS) Controlled DC Motor.
OBJECTIVE:
The thesis proposal has the following objectives:
Ø Our
research is realistic, futuristic and practical.
Due to the frequently
load shading in Pakistan and lack of Electrical energy, We specially need to
implant of other resources to generate electrical energy adequately by
utilizing natural resources like as Wind Energy , Solar Energy, Water Energy
and Other processes to enhance our electrical stuff and reduce Electricity
bill’s rates.
Ø It
assures that the research is important and required.
Obviously, It is
strongly important and required to research in the following fields as Solar
Energy, Wind Energy and Water Energy for increasing the electricity product
rate and maximum output efficiently. If We further research and discover the
other sources to generate electricity that provide easiness and low cost-based
processes then We can wipe out completely the shortage of electricity Specially
in Pakistan.
Ø We
are contributing something original to the field.
By our Project We are
studying Solar energy to convert into electrical energy we think our project
oriented to the field of electricity generation, by studying about the solar
energy we explore and research other way to generate electricity and We pretty
sure that we complete our project and drive the motor by using Solar energy.
ABSTRACT:
The objective of this project is to
control the position of a solar panel in accordance with the motion of sun.
Brief Methodology: This project is designed with solar panels, LDR, ADC,
Microcontroller, Stepper Motor and its driving circuit. In this project two
LDRs are fixed on the solar panel at two distinct points. LDR (Light Dependant
Resistor) varies the resistance depending upon the light fall. The varied
resistance is converted into an analog voltage signal. The analog voltage
signal is then fed to an ADC. ADC is nothing but analog to digital Converter
which receives the two LDR voltage signals and converts them to corresponding
digital signal. Then the converted digital signal is given as the input of the
microcontroller. Microcontroller receives the two digital signals from the ADC
and compares them. The LDR signals are not equal except for normal incidence of
sunlight. When there is a difference between LDR voltage levels the
microcontroller program drives the stepper motor towards normal incidence of
sunlight. 1) INTRODUCTION Renewable
energy is rapidly gaining importance as an energy resource as fossil fuel
prices fluctuate. At the educational level, it is therefore critical for
engineering and technology students to have an understanding and appreciation
of the technologies associated with renewable energy.
One of the most popular renewable
energy sources is solar energy. Many researches were conducted to develop some
methods to increase the efficiency of Photo Voltaic systems (solar panels). One
such method is to employ a solar panel tracking system .This project deals with
a micro- controller based solar panel tracking system. Solar tracking enables
more energy to be generated because the solar panel is always able to maintain
a perpendicular profile to the sun’s rays. Development of solar panel tracking
systems has been ongoing for several years now. As the sun moves across the sky
during the day, it is advantageous to have the solar panels track the location
of the sun, such that the panels are always perpendicular to the solar energy
radiated by the sun. This will tend to maximize the amount of power absorbed by
PV systems. It has been estimated that the use of a tracking system, over a
fixed system, can increase the power output by 30% - 60%. The increase is
significant enough to make tracking a viable preposition despite of the
enhancement in system cost. It is possible to align the tracking heliostat
normal to sun using electronic control by a micro controller. Design
requirements are: 1) During the time that the sun is up, the system must follow
the sun’s position in the sky. 2) This must be done with an active control,
timed movements are wasteful. It should be totally automatic and simple to
operate. The operator interference should be minimal and restricted to only
when it is actually required. The major components of this system are as
follows.
1)
Input photo transducer (LDR).
2)
Analog to digital converter.
3)
Microcontroller.
4)
555 Timer.
5)
Output mechanical transducer (stepper motor).
We are able to get a desirable Voltage from Solar light and we
made a Voltage Source at its Maximum Output by Tracking the Sun’s motion.
